All Roads Lead to ATF4

All Roads Lead To Rome

Legendary mathematician Paul Erdos liked to talk about the perfect proofs of mathematical theorems maintained by God. In [1], six different proofs are given to the infinity of prime numbers. Unlike mathematical proofs which are mentally reproducible objects, signal processing researchers can have an intimate discussion with God by creating computational algorithms which are experimentally repro...

All Roads Lead to IKKɛ

During malignant transformation, cancer cells acquire genetic alterations that surmount the normal controls regulating proliferation and cell survival. High-resolution comparative genomic analyses reveal that genomic instability is a hallmark of cancer development and that cancer-causing mutations are only a tiny fraction of the genetic modifications, most of which are “bystander” mutations. Th...

All roads lead to the insula.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa: all roads lead to resistance.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is often resistant to multiple antibiotics and consequently has joined the ranks of 'superbugs' due to its enormous capacity to engender resistance. It demonstrates decreased susceptibility to most antibiotics due to low outer membrane permeability coupled to adaptive mechanisms and can readily achieve clinical resistance. Newer research, using mutant library screens, mic...

All oxidase roads lead to angiotensin, too.

Free radicals and other oxygenor nitrogen-derived reactive species formed during cellular metabolism and respiration, like superoxide (O2 ), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and nitric oxide (NO), are important second messengers and fundamental mediators in biological processes, redox signaling, and cellular growth. However, over the past 2 decades it has become clear that reactive oxygen species (ROS...